Stages of the consumer decision process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Phases of the buyer choice procedure - Essay Example Each business needs to fabricate new purchasers and hold the old ones (Chen, 2009). Nonetheless, these customers are of insignificant worth on the off chance that they don't get the ideal outcomes as far as deals for the business. It is significant that the customer choice procedure is viewed at from all sides before arriving at an accord concerning how promoting and deals spaces will be overseen inside the business. On the off chance that the customer choice procedure is anything but difficult to attempt and the deals are coming in, maybe there is motivation behind why this shopper choice procedure has been a fruitful one over some stretch of time. On the other side, there could be various endurance issues for the business. This paper examines how the buyer choice procedure is overseen inside the travel industry from a flexibly point of view. The 5 phases of the shopper choice procedure include the acknowledgment of the need, the data search, the assessment, the possible choice to b uy and in conclusion the post-buy assessment. These 5 phases basically direct how well the purchaser choice procedure has been reached upon and the sort of progress that a customer has inside his positions to ensure that he purchases the proposed item or administration (Hudson, 2010). Inside the spaces of the travel industry which is a blend of the two items and administrations, the need is to see how well the customer choice procedure has been applied. It will at that point authorize approaches to connect with shoppers who are increasingly inclined to make that truly necessary buy which will profit the business under the positions of the travel industry. This is a significant perspective and one that requires noteworthiness from the individuals who attempt these organizations in any case. It gives them a thought regarding where they are turning out badly and what restorative estimates they have to take so as to bring rational soundness inside the domains of the travel industry (Bet sch, 2004). The shopper choice procedure doesn't occur without difficult work and thought. The thought that goes into its creation is something that leaves many amazed since once in a while shoppers end an actual existence time to make that crucial buy while at others the entire procedure is frequently finished way too rapidly. These 5 phases are generally various leveled in light of the fact that these feature how unequivocally the purchaser choice procedure happens and that too inside a consecutive vibe. The chain of importance comes to fruition through after every last one of these stages. One can't skirt any stage and proceed onward to the following one. It needs to follow a set line so as to effectively finish the buyer choice procedure. The deal procedure of the business will possibly come full circle when every one of these stages are genially given the criticalness that these lavishly require. Concentrating explicitly on the travel industry, it is imperative to grasp the mea sure of vitality a business devotes towards drawing in that essential buyer. This implies these customers structure the center premise of the business and without them the travel industry would endure on various tallies (Ekstrom, 2006). The understanding must be gotten from the way that the whole the travel industry system gets down to business because of the endeavors of the shoppers and if the last don't show any intrigue, it is hard to continue this industry basically. The

Empirical research o n rti in Central Information Essays - India

Observational research o n rti in Central Information Essays - India experimental research o n rti in Central Information commission Substance TOC o 1-3 h z u Chapter I: Introduction PAGEREF _Toc373924028 h 1 1.Overview PAGEREF _Toc373924029 h 1 2.Review of Literature PAGEREF _Toc373924030 h 1 3.Research Questions PAGEREF _Toc373924031 h 3 4.Hypothesis PAGEREF _Toc373924032 h 3 5.Objective of Research PAGEREF _Toc373924033 h 3 6.Rationale of Research PAGEREF _Toc373924036 h 3 7.Research Methodology and Design PAGEREF _Toc373924037 h 3 8.Scheme of research PAGEREF _Toc373924038 h 4 section II: Theoretical investigation PAGEREF _Toc373924039 h 5 section III: Empirical investigation PAGEREF _Toc373924040 h 10 Section IV-Recommendations and Suggestions PAGEREF _Toc373924041 h 12 Book reference PAGEREF _Toc373924042 h 13 Annexure I.14 Section I: Introduction Outline The Right to Information Act, 2005 came into power after the Freedom of Information Act, 2002 was revoked. This demonstration came in with the fundamental goal to advance receptiveness, straightforwardness and responsibility in organization. On account of S.P. Gupta v. Leader of India, the Supreme Court originally referenced that The option to know, get and import data has been perceived inside the privilege to the right to speak freely of discourse and articulation. A resident has a crucial option to utilize the best methods for granting and getting data and as such to have an entrance to broadcasting for the reason. Accordingly, the privilege to data has been considered as an essential element of the Constitution crucial right under article 19 (1). Defilement which had flourished at all degrees of administration had forestalled an unmistakable and uninhibited progression of data from the state to the legislature. In contrast to numerous different nations (for example UK) which took quite a while to operationalise the Act post the institution, India took just a couple of months to bring it into power. This time was lacking to change the attitude of the individuals in Government, make framework, grow new procedures and assemble ability to convey data under this Act. Therefore, the point of the paper is to check whether there are any deficiencies to the RTI Act and what should be possible to retouch the provisos left by the governing body. Audit of Literature To make this paper the scientist has utilized the assistance of different books, articles and cases to think of a reasonable research and an indisputable answer Books Articles Subhash C. Kashyap , Constitutional Law of India, third Ed, Volume 2, 2008, Wadhwa and Wadhwa , Nagpur . Key Issues and Constraints in actualizing the RTI Act, Final Understanding the Key Issues and Constraints in executing the RTI Act, PricewaterhouseCoopers. Last Understanding the Key Issues and Constraints in actualizing the RTI Act, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Annexure I. RIGHT TO INFORMATION-A STUDY, Orissa Review , Nov ., 2006. http://rajyasabha.nic.in/rsnew/Parliament_of_India.pdf . Abhinav Garg , Private schools fall under RTI: Court, Times of India, Published on May 3, 2013, 02.45AM IST, got to at http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-05-03/news/39008319_1_ews-portion private-independent schools Official statement by Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances Pensions, Amendment to the Right to Information Act, 2005, Accesed at http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=97577 . Guide For Public Authorities, got to from http://ccis.nic.in/WriteReadData/CircularPortal/D2/D02rti/1_4_2008_IR(Eng).pdf Cases S.P. Gupta v. President AIR 1982 SC 149 Tamil Nadu Road Development Co. Ltd. Versus Tamil Nadu Information Commission and Anr (2008) 145 CompCas 248(Mad) Ravneet Kaur v. The Christian Medical College AIR 1998 PH 1 D.A.V. School Trust and Management Society and Ors. Versus Executive of Public Instruction and Ors AIR2008P H117 Chandigarh University, Village Gharuan v State of Punjab others AIR 2013 PH 187 Shri Nisa Ahmed Srika and others v. LIC lodging Finance Limited and Others CIC/AT/A/2007/0735, 729, 1370 and .CIC/AT/A/2008/1420 Shri Subhash Chandra Aggarwal and Anr v. Indian National Congress/All India Congress Committee (AICC) and Others CIC/SM/C/2011/001386. Research Questions What is the extent of Public Authority under area 2 (h)? Should ideological groups be incorporated under the extent of Public position? Speculation The scientist imagines that the extent of open authority can be extended through translation and ought to be extended to cover all conceivable open bodies. Goal of Research To perceive how the extent of open power is extending and why there is a need to grow this word. To perceive any reason why ideological groups should come extremely close to Open Authority Method of reasoning of Research The motivation behind why the specialist took such an undertaking on the grounds that as much as understanding the adequacy of the Act is basic, a significantly increasingly basic perspective is

What Makes Up Your Company Culture

What Makes Up Your Company Culture Company culture is ridiculously underestimated. If you are a decision maker in your company and you are not doing enough to support it, you need to make some changes as soon as possible.Why? Well ask yourself: What are the most important reasons why you like your job? Is it the salary and social benefits? Or is it the company values, the people that work in your office, the atmosphere of support and working towards a common goal?If it is not just your pay that makes you get up and go to work every day, then it is probably the same for your workers.Company culture is a serious driving factor for success, for work satisfaction and for loyalty to an organization.You need to invest in it, support it and participate in it. This article will lay out 7 aspects of company culture you need to consider and improve.COMPANY VALUESCompany values are not just a pointless list, published on the next-to last page on your website. They should be what unifies all individuals working for the organizati on and ties them to the ultimate goal.How to choose company values?It is never too late to select a set of company values for your organization.Think about your ultimate goal, your attitude towards your customers, your attitude towards your employees. What was the original idea behind creating it?Go short. Choose only what is really important to your organization. Ideally, you should be able to fit all on the digits of your right hand.What are some great company values to have?Serving society. If the organization is non-profit or charity, serving society will definitely be a core value. Give your angle â€" how do you see what you are doing to be of service.Eco-friendly. Lay out some policies you have applied to preserve the environment.Transparency means a lot of things and if you claim it is your value, you need to apply it to all aspects of business in building your prices, in forming your employee’s salaries or decisions on promotions.Equality and diversity. Keep equal opportu nity for men and women, different nationalities, ethnicities, races, religions, and sexual identities. Eliminate the pay gap on the level of your organization.Loyalty, integrity and responsibility. Lay out some examples of the difficult decisions you have had to take as an organization to deserve being trusted by customers, partners and employees.Ultimately all companies have to profit to survive. Money are often seen as a bad example for a company value, because it looks too commercial. But it is not. Just make sure you express you see profit as a common goal, the result of team work and that you will not pursue it at all costs.Talk about your process and the measures you are taking to provide top quality product and service.Team work. Having team work as a core value will encourage cooperation in tough moments.Fun! Fun is a great value to have. Employees and customers alike appreciate freedom and the sense of humor.When are company values important?As soon as interviewing someone for a free position in your company you have to check for personality compatibility. Ask questions, create theoretical situations, check for behavioral signs.Some people are just not a match. Choosing the right candidate is much easier than changing a person to fit an organization.Company values are important whenever you communicate to your customers and your partners. Being true to your company values will earn you trust.Watch James Franklin explain more about core values in this TEDxPSU video. COMMON CAUSEWildflower and Oak is a business with a common cause. The makers of baby blankets offer clean delivery kits to hospitals in Haiti.Warby Parker is an eyewear company that also follows the one-for-one rule. As the Entrepreneur Europe reports:‘It not only donates glasses to children, but also provide the tools and training needed to administer basic eye exams, as well as selling glasses at affordable prices. The company has identified that across the developing world, just one pa ir of glasses increases productivity by as much as 35 percent, which in turn increases monthly income by 20 percent.’The case of TomsThe business model of ‘Toms‘ follows a similar idea. Originally Toms delivered one free pair of shoes to a child in need, for every pair that was sold.Buy-one-give-one.Since then the charitable efforts of Toms have expanded to offer eye care, clean water, and other goods.Blake Mycoskie, the founder, does not stop his philanthropic work at charity. He is decided on making his employees happy and satisfied.Here are several of the policies Toms has applied to reinforce the company culture:No Meeting Mondays. Mondays are notoriously hated for being the first day of the week back to work. By banning meetings, Toms allows for a smoother transition into the business week.Flexible Work Schedules. Strict hours are bad for business. Some of the most creative and enthusiastic employees go for part-time work in order to have time to follow their passions. So me flexibility will allow them to spend more of their time in Toms.Eight weeks of paid paternity leave. Paternity leave in the USA is underestimated by government and most companies which only offer modest rations of time for young fathers to spend with their young kids. Toms has provided a solution.Happy employees are more productive, work harder, and are more loyal to the organization that makes their lives so much easier.In that way, Toms is profiting from applying policies that will protect them. Working in a charitable business is not possible without creating a culture where employees know their employer has their side.But there is more than that. Toms instills its values of philanthropy and generosity through another special strategy creating the Happy Helping Hour.The HHH means members of charitable organizations visit the office and engage employees in activities that have to do with charitable causes, such as preparing care packages for women who have been victims of abus e. Full-time employers are invited to trips to distribute the shoes allocated to the poor in Nepal and Honduras.The Happy Helping Hour helps instill in the employees the values of their social mission. Amy Thompson, chief people officer explains:Culture is a very organic thing. It is not something you preserve as companies grow. It is something you nurture.ENCOURAGE LOYALTY AND RETAIN TOP TALENTWhy loyalty? The short answer is: Millennials.The long answer? Well, those born between the years 1980 to 2000 are only labeled as lazy and demanding. Truth is millennials are very independent. They have grown up around technology, with large digital sources of information and have learned to depend on themselves and trust themselves.They do not see themselves as attached to an organization forever. Especially an organization that does not support their needs. Analyses tell us Generation Z is not too different in that aspect.When loyalty could be an issue for an entire generation, employers n eed to take notes and make changes. Millennials now account for about 30% of the workforce.They are disproportionately hired in IT companies, where the median age is lower â€" about 29 years of age.How to encourage loyalty:Forbes say there are four main ways to establish a strong employer-employee connection with millennials.Create a culture where they work with you, not for you. Make sure you create a responsibility and the workers will not feel it is just another job. It should be clear how each task contributes to the common goals of the organization. They are partners.Have a healthy respect towards the work-life balance. Introducing flexible working hours is a popular strategy to allow employees more freedom. Give a thought to introducing regular home office. Allow new parents to spend more time with their children. When workers have a healthy personal life, they will be able to perform their best at work.Only work with constructive criticism. Emphasize on principles. Discuss ta sks that can be done better if you know how. Scolding your employees to perform better will never work.Be less corporate. Corporate culture could be suffocating for the new generation. Think about the rules you can sacrifice. The dress code for example? Create a relaxation room and encourage your employees to use it for informal meetings.ENCOURAGE PEOPLE SUPPORTING EACH OTHERNo matter how well your employees are incentivized to work towards your organization goals, how strongly they believe in the common good, and how happy they are with their compensation, bad relationships between coworkers are guaranteed to cause an issue.How to identify a toxic office environmentA quiet place. An office where the loudest thing you can hear is the tapping on the keyboards, clicking on and off ball pens and printers pushing out paper is a bad environment. Normally employees should talk laugh and joke even in stress situations.Passive aggressive notes and/or emails. When notes take over face to fac e communication, that means people have the feeling their message will not be taken seriously, or it will be dismissed. Next time you find a note by the printer, the water cooler, or the air conditioning controller, know It is a bad sign.Low attendance at office events. You should aim to attract at least 75% of employees at any company event. Lower than that is a clear sign your colleagues don’t want to spend time with each other and your events are boring and cringy.Conflicts and drama. While toxic environment most often manifests itself in ignorance and coldness, sometimes tension manages to accumulate and… explode. The longer you wait to take measures the worse the drama will be and the more often it will happen. Prepare for some loud shouting and heavy crying.Employee turnover. You are losing personnel. This is what you ultimately want to avoid. Losing talent is not always caused by a toxic office environment. There are some key signs. Ask your employee what was the reason t o go. Usually they will you they have had issues. Another good sign is if they only point out better money. If their compensation is the only incentive for working in your organization, then you have failed to create the right company culture.What creates a toxic environmentCompetition. There is nothing bad in gamifying your organizations goals. The best practice is to make your goals SMART â€" specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. However, as soon as you make your employees chase numbers, you are creating an environment of competition. Competition has the nasty habit to turn unhealthy when money are involved.Lack of transparency. Lacking financial, political and organizational transparency in the workplace will make employees feel uninformed and powerless. That causes losing interest in the company values, results and prosperity.Inequality. Inequality of compensation or opportunity easily causes interpersonal conflicts.How to heal a toxic office environmentOrga nize FUN team buildings and encourage attendance. Make it cool. Invest.Organize team meetings and create a culture where positive feedback is dominant.Organize workshops to discuss the topics of equality, transparency and support.Cancel individual goals in favor of team goals. Encourage team work.INSPIRED RESPONSIBILITYCompanies that help employees realize they have the power to make or break the organization benefit from increased loyalty and maximum performance.The case of Southwest airlinesEntrepreneur Europe tells the story of how Southwest airlines is gaining credit in a bad moment for the airlines industry. A lot of its competition have been blasted all over social media for double-booking seats and delivering more than poor customer experience.Southwest airlines, however, has been successful to communicate its vision to its employees. They trust their workers that, when given more power, they will act aligned with the principles that the company wants to adhere to.With more a uthority, employees are capable to step in in difficult situations and save the day for customers, keeping them happy and loyal to Soutwest.The case of SquareSpaceSquareSpace with its great company culture has been voted multiple times one of the greatest places to work in New York City. It has a flat organizational structure which means it has very few management levels.It caters to its employees, as Entrepreneur Europe reports, ‘including 100 percent coverage of health insurance premiums, flexible vacations, attractive office space, catered meals, stocked kitchens, monthly celebrations, relaxation spaces and periodic guest lecturers’.How to keep employees involvedOrganizational transparency. Keep heavy corporate talks, meetings and communication to a minimum.Ask for ideas. Make sure you allocate some time and communication channels for your employees to give ideas. Be open to collecting proposals for anything â€" new methods of recycling, changing your internet provider, or ad ding more plants in the office space. Small decisions will lead to bigger ones. Make sure you always contact the author and give feedback. Make it constructive.Organized voting. For some decisions you must ask around. Do it in an open and fair way. A fair election day is a fun way to incorporate your employees in decision making and achieve transparency.Give credit for side projects. If someone complains from the working environment, the conditions, or the workflow, give them a side project â€" let them figure out a better way to work. Compensate them fairly.INDIVIDUALISM IN COLLECTIVISMThere is ‘I’ in the office. More often than not, individualism should not come up at work.However, a personality cannot be dissolved in a career. There is time and a place for it.Breaks and vacationsMost often taking your lunch and your days off is protected by law. And there is a reason for it. Employees are more productive and healthy after a short break. Smart employers will encourage taking t ime off work regularly to spend time with yourself.Time with the familyA family is an important part of the life of working parents. Allowing them some extra time to spend with family will increase their loyalty and sense of safety in the organization which will help them contribute more as employees.Support people with interestsMost interviewers do ask candidates for a job for their hobbies. Interestingly enough they forget about it afterwards.Remember: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. People with various interests make for a cool office environment. You will have a happy team if you encourage people to follow their passions.Difference of opinion and freedom of speechWatch out for censors. You need to make sure there is a free flow of opinions and ideas. No one should feel ostracized.YOUR PART IN COMPANY CULTURECompany culture is usually organic, and it can be encouraged or steered in one or other direction. But there is no point in a culture that no one participates in. Make sure you communicate the importance of being a part of the team to your employees.You should be a part of the culture or you will not progressIt is true.The company culture is always there. It could be a toxic one or a supportive and productive one.But it will always be the people who fit in that progress the furthest in an organization.If you can’t beat them, join them! If you CAN beat them, maybe they will not like you too much. You do not want to seem like competition for the entire team. You can forget about beating and concentrate on leading.You will be more informed. Spending more quality time with your colleagues will make you a better fit in your organization. You will feel more confident to discuss both internal and external topics.You will work better in a team. A good company culture improves the mood all around and raises the productivity. When you communicate well and like each other you can tackle any challenging task fast and easy.You can trust your colleagues when under pressure. Participating in the company culture does not just mean reciting the same company values by heart. It means being friends, talking, sharing and spending time together â€" in good times and bad times.How to make sure you are part of the company cultureAsk questions. You might be excited to learn if you fit in, but don’t be generous with information about yourself. Instead, get to know everyone. It is never too late. Ask questions when you find it appropriate and listen to the answers. Try and see the world from their point of view.Participate in events. You do not have the time. You make the time. Even if you don’t make any friends, at least you get free food and free booze. It is a win-win.Do something sweet for your team members. Make compliments, appreciate everyone and help them with their work. But don’t leave it at that. Do something others wouldn’t. If you are out of ideas, just get some donuts for your team. You will be the star of the day.Get in on the jokes. Feeling like an outsider on all those inside jokes. Create your own. Don’t be afraid to have some fun in your workplace. Just make sure you feel out your audience. Start with other jokesters and slowly win over the others.CONCLUSIONCompany culture is more than just a couple jokes and several company events you have to attend through the year. Company culture is the first thought that pops into someone’s head when they have to go to the office every morning.It is something to be invested in. Do I like where I work? Will my colleagues support me and my decisions? Am I useful? Am I worthy? Am I safe at my workplace? Does my company want the best for me?Yes. You want the answer to be Yes.That is when your employees will be happy and productive. That is when they will be satisfied in their job and be loyal to your company. That is when you will get the best effort and best results. That is when you will reach prosperity.

9 by E.E. Cummings Analysis Essay - 673 Words

â€Å"9† by E.E. Cummings Edward Estlin Cummings was a unique poet with an equally unique writing style. E.E. Cummings was born on October 14th, 1894 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In 1916, Cummings graduated with a master’s degree from Harvard University. During his studies, he was subject to many great writers such as Gertrude Stein and Ezra Pound. After working for five months as a volunteer ambulance driver in World War I, he was captured by French authorities. He was accused on accounts of espionage. After the war, he settled into a life in which he bounced around from houses in rural Connecticut and Greenwich Village. He also traveled through Europe meeting various poets and artists, including Pablo Picasso. During his life, Cummings won a†¦show more content†¦In the way he conveys this, it’s clear that he feels time is moving very slowly. In the third stanza, â€Å"We do not wind it up, it has no weights, spring wheels inside of its slender self, no indeed dear nothing of the kind † (Cummings Web), Cummings creates vivid imagery. This shows that Cummings is relating how he has no use for a clock and doesn’t care for the principle of keeping time. He would rather live life time free, without having to worry about being on time or being late. The third and final poetic device that shows up in the poem, â€Å"9†, is symbolism. To begin the poem Cummings uses symbolism. The number â€Å"9† refers to the number of times he uses the words, â€Å"tic-toc†, â€Å"toc-tic†, â€Å"tic-tic†, â€Å"toc†, and â€Å"tic†. Also, as seen in the fourth stanza, â€Å"So when kiss spring comes, we’ll kiss each kiss other on kiss the kiss lips because the tic clocks toc don’t make a toc-tic difference to kiss kiss you and to kiss me† (Cummings Web). Cummings uses the word â€Å"kiss† to complicate and clutter the verse. If you remove those words, he simply summarizes all of his thoughts in the last stanza. He says when spring comes; we can kiss because the clocks don’t make a difference to you and me. This symbolizes that Cummings can’t wait for the spring and summer months when the clocks don’t play a role in his life. In conclusion, Cummings uses his poem â€Å"9† to relay his feeling to time. He feels thatShow MoreRelatedEssay about E.E. Cummings: The Birth of Modern Poetry1882 Words   |  8 Pageslove, and life. Like a great poet, E.E. Cummings employed his past experiences in his poetry and life. Known as one of the preeminent poets of the 20th century, E.E. Cummings poetry has received an array of both positive and negative criticism. Nonetheless, Cummings’s poetry has inspired many poets and authors with his liberal views on love, nature, and religion along with his modern writing style. Although many criticized his contemporary style, E.E. Cummings modernized the traditional views ofRead MoreEssay about The Role of Humanism in the Poems of E.E. Cummings2199 Words   |  9 Pageschosen word. E.E. Cumming’s works, a notable World War I era poet of the modernist movement, were heavily affected by the hatred and atrocities of warfare, which is seen in the way that his re sentment towards humanity grows within this period, and thusly reflects in the poems he created around this time. One of these poems, entitled â€Å"Humanity i love you† can be seen as one such work. However, these influences are perhaps unclear at first, which shall be evidenced by this first cursory analysis of thisRead MoreNotes from the Underground by Fyodor Dostoyevsky1616 Words   |  7 Pagesportrays ‘Underground Man’ as a hero. Johnston focuses primarily on the maturity of ‘Underground Man’ and his past. Johnston thinks that ‘Underground Man’ has the qualities of Enlightenment because â€Å"he is free and independent. 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For example, an individual’s conduct during a negotiation encounter is influenced by ethnic heritage (Hawrysh and Zaichkowsky, 1989), and the attitudes and customs which are embedded in his/her culture (Shenkar and Ronen, 1987)Read MoreFreshwater Mussel and Water Quality: a Review of the Effects of Hydrologic and Instream Habitat Alterations9693 Words   |  39 PagesAuthority, Water Management Environmental Compliance, Norris, TN. 29 pp. Ahlstedt, S.A. and T. McDonough. 1993. Quantitative evalua tion of commercial mussel populations in the Tennessee River portion of Wheeler Reservoir, Alabama. Pages 38-49. In K. S. Cummings, A. C. Buchanan, and L. M. Koch (editors) Conservation and Management of Freshwater Mussels. Proceedings of a UMRCC Symposium, October 1992, St. Louis, Missouri. Upper Mississippi River Conservation Committee, Rock Island, Illinois. 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Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man Essay

Invisibility Over Negation in Invisible Man Early on in Invisible Man, Ralph Ellisons nameless narrator recalls a Sunday afternoon in his campus chapel. With aspirations not unlike those of Silas Snobdens office boy, he gazes up from his pew to further extol a platform lined with Horatio Alger proof-positives, millionaires who have realized the American Dream. For the narrator, it is a reality closer and kinder than prayer can provide: all he need do to achieve what they have is work hard enough. At this point, the narrator cannot be faulted for such delusions, he is not yet alive, he has not yet recognized his invisibility. This discovery takes twenty years to unfold. When it does, he is underground, immersed†¦show more content†¦Therefore, the negation of the negation should result in an egalitarian society. But Ellisons story debunks this dialectical strategy by suggesting the only thing that would come from a Brotherhood like the one depicted is a negation of the black man. Rather than be lifte d to the privileged position already held by whites, the black identity would be completely usurped. In light of both myths, Horatio Algers capitalist fancies and Marxist-Hegelian relief, the only answer, then, is to remain invisible until a better world is unearthed. This is Ellisons more complex polemic, a by-product of the American theme he revisits so sublimely. Ironically, the narrator is recruited by the Brotherhood only after a fervid display of individualism. He forces his way through a hostile tenement crowd and prevents a white mans shooting with a speech. The throng of fellow invisibles will not budge until an elderly evicted couple is permitted back inside their apartment. His words soften the mob with inspiration. Unlike his well-rehearsed valedictorian speech at the battle royal bloodbath, this one is spontaneous and brave enough to pronounce equality and a method: organization. The royals stagful of Southern elites would have lynched the narrator for such words, as they almost do when he

Baldwin Norman Free Essays

The profundity of silence is a theme that plays a significant role in the works â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin and â€Å" ’night, Mother† by Marsha Norman. The two tales represent confessions by family members that uncover the profound effect that each person’s communication method has had on the other. In particular, one identifies a lack of communication within both family relationships that demonstrates itself in an overabundance of silence. We will write a custom essay sample on Baldwin Norman or any similar topic only for you Order Now Baldwin’s tale recounts the woes of a certain brother who feels himself somehow responsible for the tragic events that have faced his younger sibling, and it portrays a relationship that lacks effective communication. Likewise, Norman portrays a family that has spent its usefulness in the avoidance of conversation. She eventually reveals the inadequacies of the mother who is at last unable to rescue her child from the pressures that cause her to contemplate death as the only acceptable option. The protagonists of each story find themselves in family relationships that fall short of the support necessary to prevent each from receding beyond the point of recovery. The tale rehashed in Marsha Norman’s play â€Å" ‘night, Mother† explores the hopelessness that leads to suicide, and in so doing, closely maps the psychological condition of the character Jessie (Whited 65). It takes the analysis of the situation into the realm of the family and considers that cocoon to be the engine that generates and exacerbates the problem Jessie faces. The â€Å"problem† is given its lineage in the relationships experienced by the members of the family. The relationships appear to be filled with action and devoid of communication. Of her own culpability, Mama says, â€Å"I didn’t tell you things or I married you off to the wrong man or I took you in and let your life get away from you or all of it put together† (lines 611-613). This circumstance points toward an overemphasizing of action and the downplaying of the type of conversation that allows true feelings to come to the fore. Jessie also recalls the silence of her father, and Norman hints that this silence has for the past decades stabilized or subdued the appearance of Jessie’s mental condition. Yet, this same silence has perhaps created the environment in which her mental or psychological illness has been allowed to germinate (Whited, 67). The idea that Jessie breaks her silence precisely at that hour in which her mental condition has become overwhelming and irreparable gives the idea that the lack of communication within her family setting may actually have been to her detriment. The exploration of the relationship between the narrator and his brother Sonny in James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† also represents a crisis of silence and suffocation within a family setting. This family in which Sonny resides also betrays a tendency toward continual action that precludes the kind of conversation which might have allowed the brothers to truly understand each other. Without understanding Sonny, the narrator (his brother) and their mother make plans to protect him for the rest of his life. They encourage him to live in situations that are not conducive to his spirited nature, such as his residence with Isabel while his brother goes off to war. Yet the silence Sonny endures, like that of Jessie, has the appearance of being his preferred mode of existence. The narrator says, â€Å"Sonny has never been talkative,† yet he goes on to say something more insightful that hints at the true desires that Sonny has always had. He continues, â€Å"So I don’t know why I was sure he’d be dying to talk to me when supper was over the first night† (Baldwin, 8). This hints at the underlying idea that though silence prevailed within the family, probing by his brother and mother might have dispelled both the silence and the dismal circumstances that later defined Sonny’s life. Literary analyst Tracey Sherard writes: â€Å"the narrator comes to understand his brother Sonny through the latter’s apparent struggle to strike out into the deep, unexplored waters of jazz improvisation† (691). Therefore, it is only through the music that Sonny’s brother is able to communicate with and understand him in the end. Comparisons between the two tragic characters of the stories, Sonny and Jessie, can be made in regard to their life choices. The two characters can be seen to choose silence during the early years of their lives, and this might be connected to another form of silence throughout the later stages of their lives. Sonny’s choice of life has led him to heroin, and this dangerous drug might be considered one that paves a path to death in a manner that is very similar to the suicide that Jessie contemplates. Both characters, therefore, choose suicide as the only means of silencing the worries and discontent of their lives. Jessie expresses a desire to sleep â€Å"whenever she wanted to, just by closing her eyes† (line 637), and this she has not been able to do since she was a â€Å"pink and fat† baby (639-40). This choice to commit suicide is therefore an extension of the idea of closing one’s eyes to problems of life. Sonny, in a similar way, chooses to close his eyes to his problems via his use of heroin. And likewise, the extension of this action (continued heroin use) is precisely concurrent with the death that Jessie so openly craves. Jessie’s mother, who desires not death, says â€Å"I’m not like you, Jessie. I hate the quiet and I don’t want to die† (lines 626-27) and this juxtaposition of death and quietness underscores the idea that the death desired by Jessie and Sonny can be seen also to be a form of silence. The motif of silence can be carried through even further within the analysis of the stories told by these authors. During the few short moments before her death, Jessie takes a break from her silence to explain the essence of it to her mother. Within this time she uncovers all the pain that her silence has embodied for the years preceding (Whited, 67). She also enumerates the problems that her ensuing death will hope to silence within her. This moment of conversation can be compared to (and in fact prefigures) the bullet that breaks for a split second the silence that has defined Jessie’s life. It also effects the reconstruction of that silence by guaranteeing its continuation in death. Death guarantees not only that the disappointments and fears in Jessie’s psyche will be quieted, but also that the events that have generated or exacerbated these problems will also cease to trouble her. The forms of silence to which Sonny subscribes are heroin (as has been uncovered above) and music. While heroin promises to lead him toward that final and inexorable death of the body, music provides a spiritual release for him that also provides an effective (if temporary) silence from his turmoil. Sonny’s escape to music as a means of silencing his demons can be compared to the way his brother describes their father as being â€Å"on the lookout for ‘something a little better. ’† Yet he goes on to say that his father â€Å"died before he found it† (Baldwin, 8). Sonny, too, looks to music as a form of escape—a means of quieting his dissatisfaction with his circumstances, a way of searching for something better. While as a youth he annoyed Isabel’s family with his constant piano playing, everyone was able to sense that â€Å"Sonny was at that piano playing for his life† (16). The piano’s music silenced not only the troubles that haunted his mind, but also the voices of hoodlums and vagrants on the street that would have called him into a life of crime and dissipation. It was, in fact, the eventual silencing of the piano by the screams of Isabel’s family that precipitated the demise that his music had been holding at bay. This re-establishes and supports the idea that music was a means of silencing the call of the inner city life and pressures that threatened to overtake Sonny in his youth. The lives and relationships explored within â€Å"’Night, Mother† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† as told by Marsha Norman and James Baldwin respectively, speak loudly and portray vividly a distinct and almost impenetrable silence that enveloped the main characters. For Jessie, silence has been the defining characteristic of her relationship between her father during both his life and his death. During his life, he demonstrated his love with actions, and while Jessie appeared to be comfortable in that silence, the very essence of it provided the environment in which her psychological demise germinated and matured. Her mother, though disliking silence, has rarely been able penetrate Jessie’s, and this proves to facilitate the more permanent form of silence to which she graduates: that of death. Sonny too experiences silence within his relationships—a silence that becomes extended and embodies by the activities of his life. He refuses to speak to his family, silencing the discomfiture with music or heroin. Like Jessie, Sonny’s major life decisions place him on a path toward the ultimate silence: death. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues. † Wright State University. 1957. Online Text. http://www. wright. edu/~alex. macleod/winter06/blues. pdf Norman, Marsha. â€Å"’Night, Mother. † Literature: Reading, Writing, Reacting. Laurie G. Kirzner Stephen Mandell (Eds). 4th Ed. New York: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. 1708-1743. Sherard, Tracey. â€Å"Sonny’s Bebop: Baldwin’s ‘Blues Text’ as Intracultural Critique. † African American Review. Vol. 32, Issue 4. (Winter 1998): 691-705. Whited, Lana A. â€Å"Suicide in Beth Henley’s Crimes of the Heart and Marsha Norman’s ‘night, Mother. † Southern Quarterly 36 (Fall 1997): 65-74. How to cite Baldwin Norman, Papers

Smartphones and Social Media Essay Example

Smartphones and Social Media Essay Advances in technology have changed the way humans think and act. Some people will say new technology makes life easier and other people will agree life was simpler before all of this new age technology. A few advances that are very common nowadays are smartphones and social media. These two modern day inventions have a major effect on society and are major influences on human learning today. Most important and popular news are broadcasted on social media such as breaking news, music, celebrities and these smartphones make life easier and you can access these social networks, also the internet itself; where you can virtually find anything. So, you can say these two inventions complement each other. Smartphones Effect on Society and Human Learning The Good and the Bad Smartphones are arguably one of the biggest and most used technologies of this day and age. Smartphones effect on human learning is major since they are so popular. These devices allow you to surf the internet fast and contact people faster; not to mention interact with people in different ways by text, video messages and video chats. Smartphones opens everyone to a new whole world filled with helpful apps but also dangers like an addiction. The use of smartphones can be seen as addicting to the younger generation that’s growing more and more every day. People addicted to smartphones push toward instant satisfaction rather than long-term satisfaction. Their impulsive nature from addiction slows self-regulated learning and also shows a decrease in learning flow compared to non-addicts (Kim, 2014). We will write a custom essay sample on Smartphones and Social Media specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Smartphones and Social Media specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Smartphones and Social Media specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many of the people who use smartphones are a part of the younger generation around the age of a college student. College students use them for several different things; some follow trends, search for information, communicate with friends or use smartphones to pass the time. These devices can be addicting, but smartphones can also preserve social ties. Individuals that use these