Societal And Organizational Factors Within The Creation Of...

Both societal and organizational factors come into play in the creation of a police subculture. The hierarchy structures of law enforcement agencies vary. These variations determine the attitudes and behaviors of the officers working within these locations. Lower level police officers spend the majority of their time investigating crime and fretting over the pitfalls of current crime policy. Overtime, some officers may begin to view members of the public as untrustworthy or even potentially hostile. They begin to rely heavily on their fellow comrades for emotional and mental support, which establishes a strong sense of group solidarity. Changes in the composition of the rank and file of policing units has also contributed to the†¦show more content†¦Law enforcement’s drift towards militarization has its roots in the 1960s and the need to respond to the social unrest that swept the nation at the time (Bickel 2013). The development of Special Weapons And Tactics (SWAT) teams in reaction to the Watts riots in Los Angeles began a movement in policing that relied more and more on military tactics, training, and equipment (Bickel 2013). Additionally, stress training in police academies and its warrior-like orientation tends to create an â€Å"us versus them† mindset in rookie officers (Bickel 2013). This ingrained mindset has the potential of creating barriers between the police and the community. Post 9/11, an emphasis was placed upon building the necessary infrastructure for law enforcement agencies to combat potential terroristic threats in addition to domestic crimes (Walker 2013). What is most intriguing is the difference in weaponry when one compares police departments in the 2000s versus the 2010s. The baton and mace seemed to be the non-lethal tool of choice for officers prior to 9/11. After that tragic event, the standard non-lethal weapon of choice transformed into one that possessed an electric charge: the Taser. As of today, over twelve thousand police agencies have purchased Tasers. Hundreds of thousands of officers nationwide have been issued Tasers and trained on how to operate the device (Walker 2013). Tasers are also used by military police and specialized forces. WhenShow MoreRelatedTracing Theoretical Approaches to Crime and Social Control: from Functionalism to Postmodernism16559 Words   |  67 Pagesto see the many ironies that thread our lives together. I thank you for challenging me and for trusting in my academic potential. It is for your intuitive and intellectual nature that I must devote every word I have produced–not only within this thesis, but within the majority of my sociology degree–to you! Thank you, everyone! TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication .......................................................................................................................... iv AcknowledgementsRead MoreSSD2 Module 1 Notes31223 Words   |  125 Pagesresponsibility of the command to classify SOPs-when in development and when approved-consistent with Army Regulation (AR) 380-5 and to ensure compliance with AR 380-10 for foreign disclosure. Every SOP must have the signature of the approving authority within your chain of command before it is a legal document. Normally, at the squad or platoon level, your commander or his designated representative will be the approving authority. You will prepare a draft SOP based on your review of the procedure(s), theRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesEveryone’s Business 2. Interaction between the Leader, the Followers the Situation Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 11. Leadership: Exerting Influence and Power 94 94 Text Palmer−Dunford−Akin †¢ Managing Organizational Change 2. Images of Managing Change 121 121 147 147 Text 3. Why Organizations Change Text Cohen †¢ Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition 14. Initiating Change 174 174 Text iii Cases 221 221 225 The ConsolidatedRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesat the table of acceptability; and how, starting out as denigrated outcasts, they have over the last forty years of the twentieth century become the dominant force in the evolution of popular culture in Jamaica. In this book, I will analyze the factors responsible for the entrenchment of Rastafari in Jamaican society. My use of entrenchment3 is synonymous with routinization,4 a term used by Max Weber to signify the process by which an emergent charismatic movement institutionalizes itself andRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesAssociation (AMA) defines marketing as â€Å"Marketing consists of those activities involved in the flow of goods and services from the point of production to the point of consumption. The AMA has since amended its definition to read as: â€Å"Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. Hence it can be surmised that marketing is basicallyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreLodging Inductry24737 Words   |  99 PagesMarketing Management: Demand management. Marketing management is the analysis, planning, implementation, and control of programs designed to create, build, and maintain beneficial exchanges with target buyers for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives. The effective marketing manager is interested in shaping the level, timing and composition of demand for his/her company’s products. V. Five Marketing Management Philosophies Manufacturing Concept—This conceptRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesanalysis and scanning Summary 5 Approaches to customer analysis 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Learning objectives Introduction Coming to terms with buyer behaviour Factors influencing consumer behaviour The buying decision process The rise of the new consumer and the implications for marketing planning Organizational buying behaviour The growth of relationship marketing Summary Appendix: The drivers of consumer change 6 Approaches to competitor analysis 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8Read MoreThe Social Impact of Drug Abuse24406 Words   |  98 Pagesproduction come from several sources. Systematic attempts to provide information about the amount of opiates or coca produced may employ high technology satellite mapping, ground surveys, agronomic characteristics or consumption figures. Political factors may also affect the process of preparing estimates. Experts have called the production estimate process one of making best guesses (1, chap. 1). Many experts think that the first stage, when plants are grown in the fields or consumable drugs areRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activiti es, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. 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Gold and World History Glittering Motivation for...

Gold is one of the most valuable materials all around the world. This jewel has its own glittering appearance and shiny color which induce people to desire to possess it. That’s probably why Europeans in the middle age have explored new continents and invaded other civilizations to find this glittering material. Americans also had given much endeavor to mine that valuable jewel in the time of gold rush. Investigating these events, gold has immensely affected the world history; the Age of Exploration, invasions of Spaniards, and the development of California. To begin with, Gold was the most significant motivation of ‘the age of exploration’. ‘The age of exploration’ began in the early 15th century and it lasted until the 17th century. The†¦show more content†¦Christopher Columbus is a famous example of the explorers sent to investigate new route by Spain. Gold was also a main trigger of Spaniards’ invasions to ancient civilizations in South America. Most of all, Spain had no choice but conquering South America for gold. Like other Empires in Europe, Spanish monarchy wanted to gain a great amount of gold. However, the ruling families of Spain did not have enough power to compete with France or England for the trade route to the East. Thus, instead of using existing course, Spaniards had to investigate new lands and new trade route to bring more gold to their homeland. Secondly, Lots of Spaniards started off travels to South America as they were highly greedy for the bright stone. Since they considered gold as a chance to upgrade their social status and financial abilities, explorers traveled the present Central and South America to search gold. For example, Hernan Cortes started out an expedition to Central America in 1519 with financial support from the monarchy. He soon encountered with the Aztec Empire. Francisco Pizarro also reached South America, and he found the Empire of Inca. Spanish conquerors finally invaded and destroyed ancient empires to bring gold in ancient empires to Spain. The greed for the glittering material had thoroughly ruined glorious ancient civilizations. Cortes finally conquered the bright Aztec civilization. He exhaustively massacred the natives and then

Proposal “Violence Against Women” Free Essays

Shantel Jones Professor Sara Yu Eng. 121-111 15 April 2013 â€Å"Violence Against Women† The research proposal I am preparing is going to be addressing violence against women and the challenges they face when children are involved in the household. The aim of the research is to view how these challenges are overcome and give way to women rights and their political rights (nineteenth amendment). We will write a custom essay sample on Proposal â€Å"Violence Against Women† or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the early 1990’s over half a million American women were raped. In 1994 congress passed the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), which forbids the state from interfering with women’s citizenship and political rights. Starting from domestic abuse to rape as a weapon of war, violence against women is a gross violation of their human rights. Global issues of violence against women not only does it frighten women’s health and their social and economic health, violence also hinders global efforts to reduce poverty. Violence against women falls in several different categories. Domestic violence occurs between man and women. Domestic violence is one of the main issues in most parental abduction cases. The article also talks about custody battles and how visitation should go when it comes to the children. Domestic violence has been defined in various ways in the legal, social science, and psychology fields. Within the legal field alone, the term carries a different meaning depending on whether state or federal law governs and whether a case arises in the criminal or civil sphere. According to Deborah Goelman under the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), â€Å"domestic violence includes the following: [F]elony or misdemeanor crimes of violence committed by a current or former spouse of the victim, by a person with whom the victim shares a child in common, by a person who is cohabitating with or has cohabitated with the victim as a spouse, by a person similarly situated to a spouse of the victim under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction receiving grant monies, or by any other adult person against a victim who is protected from that person’s acts under the domestic or family violence laws of the jurisdiction receiving grant monies. † This topic is of interest to me because as a woman studying the laws on women’s right helps you to become more knowledgeable in society. If the world does not address the issue, it stands to suppress the enormous potential of women and girls. When they feel safe, when they are empowered, wome n and girls can be game-changers. What I hope to gain from this research project is different ways to deal with domestic violence if I was to ever come in contact with a violent individual. How to cite Proposal â€Å"Violence Against Women†, Papers

Applied Business Research

Questions: The following are the research objectives of the study: 1. To evaluate the existing strengths and weaknesses of Wild bean caf in the context of the food and beverage industry of New Zealand. 2. To examine the motivational level of the employees of Wild bean caf and its impact on the businesses. 3. To identify the zone on strategy clock in which the wild bean cafe lies. Answers: Wild bean caf is one of the brand of BP and being a leading brand the caf serves the coffee which is 100 % sustainable. It has an outlet on every BP petrol station and it serves 1200 service stations in UK. Wild bean caf is not an independently owned coffee house and is a franchise of BP and it provides a variety of foods ranging from coffee to sandwiches, burgers and snacks. Good quality of foods are available at reasonable price and provide great value of meal deal throughout the day (https://N.p., 2016. Web. 3 June 2016). After conducting a research on the wild bean caf, it has been posed with several questions: Wild bean not being an independently owned coffee house is exposed to several risks. The good coffee house is not which serves only good food, but the location, service and the products make it a good coffee house. The outlet of caf is located only in the petrol stations and this could limit the growth of the caf. So the independency of the caf is a question which could limits its growth. Since the Wild bean caf is not an independently owned firm, so the rights and decision taking authority rests with BP, so this could pose a threat to the growth and prosperity of caf ( Brooks et al., 2014). The offer made by wild bean caf is in association with BP and it could be withdrawn at any time without prior notification. This would leave the customer dissatisfied and there is also possibility of losing customer who has been attracted by this particular offer. Another research question came up with the wild bean caf is its location and the area if its presence. Since the caf has its outlet only in the BP petrol stations , that is its outlet is confined only to the petrol stations of BP. This would also limit the growth of Wild ban caf. The research has been conducted and a qualitative analysis of several factors which affects the caf performance has been done. Interviews and focus grouped discussion has been done in the informal environment (Goodrich, 2015) . The questions have been asked such as frequency of going to the caf, person visited the wild bean caf, reason of liking the caf, any other services which should be availed. To increase the satisfaction, willingness to spend more if extra service is provided, whether they want the outlet to be opened in some other areas , people who think that the current outlets is too far from their comfort. After conducting such grouped discussions, it was concluded that the two questions needs focus. Research Objectives The following are the research objectives of the study To evaluate the existing strengths and weaknesses of Wild bean caf in the context of the food and beverage industry of New Zealand To examine the motivational level of the employees of Wild bean caf and its impact on the businesses To identify the zone on strategy clock in which the wild bean cafe lies The above three research objectives have been chosen in order to assist the researcher to meet the research goals and objectives. In addition, to these objectives it helps to know about the potential of this cafe and its operating performance in the gas stations of BP. For, the evaluation of the first objective, the researcher will have to conduct an in-depth internal analysis. Since, it will help the researcher to identify the prime strength and weaknesses of Wild bean caf. For the evaluation of second objective, the researcher will have to assess the motivational level of the employees. In this study, the researcher will utilize Herzberg two-factor theory, as it will provide the caf an indication the kind of strategy the caf has to implement in order to motivate all the employees to give their best at the workplace. The Wild bean caf will utilize Hertzberg theory because it will allow the researcher to evaluate all the factors related to the motivational level of the employees. Furthermore, as Hertzberg divided the motivational factors of the employees in two different segments, it will help Wild bean caf to cover all the factors related to the motivational level of the employees. For the evaluation of the third objective, the researcher will focus on the third strategy clock of Wild bean caf. Figure 1: Strategy clock (Source: Goodrich 2015) Research Issues The below mentioned are the relevant research issues Time constraints - Limitation of time is one of the primary research issues. Gathering enough data within a fixed time was not possible. This shall hamper the research process in a considerable manner Limited resources - A restricted budget has an adverse influence on the research study. Thus, adequate resources were not offered for the purpose of the research study. Threat from competitors - The presence of substitute brands can pose a significant threat to the business sustainability of Wild Bean Cafe. Inflation - The rise in the prices of goods would have a negative impact on the annual sales revenue of Wild Bean Cafe. Thus, curtailing the prices of products sold to consumers remains a pertinent issue for the brand. Reference: Brooks, G., Heffner, A. and Henderson, D., 2014. competitive knowledge from social media for a small start-up business.The Review of Business Information Systems (Online),18(1), p.23. Goodrich, R., 2015. examples, templates definition.Business news daily.

Applied Business Ethics Moral dilemmas

Introduction In the business environment, there are series of moral dilemmas that often arise in the process of running or managing a situation. Reflectively, the moral dilemmas may be experienced in the balancing, management, or accounting departments of a company. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly review an ethical dilemma in a company and provide solutions to the same.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Applied Business Ethics: Moral dilemmas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Ethical Dilemma Description in the Dow Chemicals’ Scandal Dow Chemicals Company was an American based retail trade company. It was the largest chain of supermarkets and stores in America in the early 1990’s. The top management of the company used complex nature of the financial statements and the weaknesses in the accounting standards to manipulate the financial records with an intention of enriching themselv es. This was characterized by manipulating the balance sheet to reflect high performances that were not accurate in those financial years. Specifically, they inflated the asset values, overstated the reported income and cash flow and eliminating the liabilities from the financial records. In addition, the top management negotiated dubious investment contracts for the company with selfish motive of individual gains at the expense of the company’s survival (Stuart Stuart 2004). Ethical dilemma Justification The crime committed by the three top management involved can be categorized into five aspects of ethical dilemma. Specifically, these are conspiracy, securities fraud, false statement, insider trading, and fraud. Based on the code of ethics, it is clear that the management breached all the ethical principles of business management and operation through falsifying the financial statements and doing dubious business deals. The managers involved in the scandal were competent b ut they did not exercise professional due care and apt professional behavior that was expected of persons of their caliber. In addition, the three managers did not exercise integrity when preparing the financial statements and lied to the shareholders and the public at large. They also lacked integrity in running the organization despite the trust that shareholders bestowed on them. Further, the three managers lacked objectivity and motivation in maintaining the trust in transactions. They deviated from the main goal of the business and failed to take into consideration the shareholders’ interests (Stuart Stuart 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The moral dilemma in the Dow Chemical’s case resulted in a massive loss that had never been experienced in the history of the United States of America at that time. First, shareholders of the company lost about $7 4 million as a result of the falling share prices in four years despite the fact that the general market had little and inconsequential swings. Secondly, Dow Chemicals’ creditors and energy entities incurred hefty losses despite a stable SWOT of the company. Finally, over 10,000 jobs were lost almost immediately. The employees also suffered losses resulting from the loss in value of the shares because over 40% of the amounts in the savings plans were used to purchase the company’s shares. The total market failure that resulted from the Dow Chemical’s scandal amounted to over $100million (Stuart Stuart 2004). In addition, the management of Dow Chemical Company neglected the aspired ideals in running the company such as the need for an organization to strive to develop good culture by fostering a strong alignment on the monitored path of achieving its goals, missions and vision. They neglected the written rules of engagement, expected behavior, and repercussions for deviation (Chartered Institute of Management Accountants 2012). The management who conspired to steal from the company showed negative allegiance to the culture of morality in their management authority. Managers are empowered by the organization’s constitution to perform the role of prefects and offer leadership solutions upon consultation with one another. To control group behavior, desirable leadership attributes are necessary. However, these managers did not practice the ideals of management ethics. They did not plans, tests and implement company policies in line with the preset ethical goals. Solutions to the Ethical Dilemma As it happens in other organizations, there should be laid down structures formulated in to keep staff in healthy and stable mind in their duty of serving the Dow Chemical company’s interest through regulatory ethical communication models. These models define expected behavior, procedural patterns, and response to every deviation. As a mat ter of fact, stable mind performs optimally with little or no supervision.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Applied Business Ethics: Moral dilemmas specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In line with this, the Dow Chemical organization should work alongside its staff to promote healthy communication ethics by recognizing and where necessary, support staff that make steady commitment in practicing accepted desirable healthy organizational communication ethics in their work departments. Ethical dilemmas are easy to distinguish and unravel. Just like any other profession, accountants face numerous dilemmas while carrying out their duties. Some of these dilemmas are multifaceted and extremely tricky to unravel such as the Dow Chemical Company scandal. As human nature dictates, the above philosophy carries with it enticements. When these are timely offered, they may lead to a deep attachment with the object over which such a motivation token is given in a strategically planned moral regulation model (McGraw-Hill Higher Education 2007). Motivation can be in the form of behavior review and increment, recognition for a well performed duty, equality, and fair treatment. Whenever there is a strong professional relationship nurtured on the values of appreciation and respect, hidden talents are easily displayable and are needed for organizational ethical sustainability situations call for an elevated level of ethical behavior for those in the accounting profession (Rachels 2009). As mentioned above, the codes of ethics are educative and useful in the solutions to this ethical dilemma. Conversely, the decision to act ethically by the management would have reversed the dilemma. This decision cannot be motivated with a reward or catalyzed by punishment for not obeying the code of ethics (Smith Smith 2003). Rather, comprehensive review of the situation or factors that led to such a dilemma should be analyzed wi th an intention of reversing the unwanted occurrence or standoff in the management of a business transaction at Dow Chemical Company. Business ethics are presented as influenced by internal and external factors which when improperly aligned result in ethical dilemma (Mintz Morris 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The main contributory factors to ethical dilemma in the business environment include personal feelings and thoughts that are improper, especially on self-concept, motivation, attitudes, emotions and perceptions which should be controlled and aligned to the moral of the company (Kinicki Kreitner 2009). These factors generally influence perception, decision patterns, and attitude employees develop towards a product or a service offered by business. Besides, these factors are directly linked to internal and external interacting social aspects that control the pattern of though and expressed feelings. Thus, in order to control this ethical dilemma, the company culture and moral goals should be used to discipline the management and recover lost funds. References Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. (2012). Ethical dilemmas: What would you do. Web. Kinicki, A., Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational behavior: Key concepts, skills best practices. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. McGr aw-Hill Higher Education. (2007). Ethics in accounting. Web. Mintz, S. Morris, M., (2011). Ethical Obligations and Decision Making in Accounting: Text and Cases. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Rachels, J. (2009). The Elements of Moral Philosophy. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Smith, T., Smith, L. (2003). Business and accounting ethics. Web. Stuart, I., Stuart, B. (2004). Ethics in the Post-Dow Chemicals’ Age. Mason, Ohio: Thomson-South-Western. This essay on Applied Business Ethics: Moral dilemmas was written and submitted by user Kailey Decker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Rule of Thumb

Rule of Thumb Rule of Thumb Rule of Thumb By Maeve Maddox Reader Cynthia Turney  asks Do you know where the phrase rule of thumb came from? This is a figurative expression that means a general guideline that has a broad application, but which is not strictly accurate in every case. I hope that by now everyone knows that this expression does not come from an ancient law limiting the circumference of the stick a man could use to beat his wife. The expression originates from some forgotten literal context in which a craftsman or farmer used his thumb (about an inch) as a unit of measurement. The word rule in this expression does not mean principle or maxim as in Roberts Rules of Order. It has more to do with ruler, meaning something to measure with or a strip used for making straight lines. Body parts have long been used as units of measurement. See the DWT post Body Parts As Tools of Measurement. This Wikipedia article on rule of thumb will tell you all you can want to know about the expressions false etymology. (There used to be an article on this expression at Snopes.com, but I couldnt find it last time I looked.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withWriting the CenturyHonorary vs. Honourary

Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Research - Essay Example Activities such as data collection, analysis, and communication of results that are associated with a potential to shift power or structural balance, are therefore prone to communication of a researcher’s political opinion or those of other parties. As a result, an action researcher ought to be tactical in order to achieve the research’s objectives. A good tactical approach ensures that all stakeholders in the research are managed for acceptance and implementation of the research findings. The researcher should therefore be an influential leader who facilitates an understanding between himself and stakeholders to the research as well as the relationships among the stakeholders. Some of the ways of achieving the two types of relationships are understanding the involved stakeholders, avoiding controversies with them, building relationships with them and knowing the type of information to discuss with them and what to reserve. A researcher’s ‘self-awarenessâ⠂¬â„¢ and how other stakeholders view the researcher is also important in managing the relationships (Brannick and Coghlan, 2009). The scope of action research and its potential impacts on stakeholders also elicits ethical considerations for observance of â€Å"democracies, justice, freedom, and participation† (Brannick and Coghlan, 2009, p. 132). Such ethics relies on pillars of â€Å"interdependency, cogeneration of knowledge and fairer power relations† (Brannick and Coghlan, 2009, p. 133) and varies with the level of research. In action research for example, the researcher is expected to incorporate participants right from the planning stage and ethical considerations extends to the entire community in which the research is conducted. Higher levels of research demands higher scopes of ethical considerations. Action research particularly involves ethical principles such as â€Å"confidentiality and anonymity,† informed consent, and beneficence that can only be

Fiscal Policy and Its Implications in Belgium Assignment

Fiscal Policy and Its Implications in Belgium - Assignment Example The government may also choose to increase its own spending and with this, jobs are created, an element that lowers the unemployment rate. Briefly, Fiscal policy is a major driver of the nation’s economic performance. Government spending would include the purchase of goods and services. Since it has the power to lower or rise, real GDP It qualifies to be a fiscal policy tool. The government can influence economic output if it adjusts its spending. Apart from the effect of government spending on the economy, it also affects businesses dealing with goods and services bought by the government thus multiplying through the economy (Moller, 52). The GDP may be stimulated if consumers spend the paychecks they earn from their businesses. When those dealing with government vehicles receive large orders, their sales tend to increase. This makes them hire more employees who in turn earn paychecks from the companies. The employees then spend this money on goods and services thus increasing spending, leading to a much greater result. This effect is called the multiplier effect. The changes that occur in taxes affect the average consumer income, and changes in consumption leading to changes in real GDP. These make it a fiscal policy tool. The government can influence economic output by adjusting taxes. They can be changed in several ways, and these include raising or lowering marginal taxes. Secondly, the tax rules can be modified or eliminated (Modigliani & Johnson 34). These include social security, welfare or unemployment checks. On a monthly basis, the checks go out all over the country thus serving as the income for millions of consumers. As in taxes, changes in transfer payments also leads to changes in consumer income. When consumers spend most of their income, they influence the economic output. These three tools are the ones that the government mostly administers to the economy to help it in the short term.

DECISION MAKING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DECISION MAKING - Essay Example It is the duty of a manager to target its customers effectively to ‘support the decision making process’ which is vital for overall performance of a company. Thus, the data warehouse manager of Vodafone had decided to implement the latest technology ‘Sap ® Business Objectsâ„ ¢ XI Solution’. The execution of the software took place in order to develop the security and improve the management of inventory and warehouse data. The reason for taking this managerial decision is to accomplish three factors which are: Presenting the view of Vodafone Egypt internationally Providing better insight about the activities of customer Offering reliable information through console for monitoring The new technology will help the company to perform in-depth analysis and the users do not need to learn new difficult tools. The decision to implementing the new SAP technology was good in the sense that it gave the company an advantage to track the business performance and the top management to receive the summary of the information of it. The new system provides the right to use the superior quality BI (Business Intelligence). Presently, Vodafone Egypt possesses a superior BI system which has incorporated security and it provides the management a regular reporting, suitable dashboard and greater performance management (SAP AG, 2009).

Do Different Detergents Effect Plant Growth?

Do Different Detergents Effect Plant Growth? Somehow, though all life on earth has been created to be equally beautiful and unique in its own way, the plant kingdom is something that always has the most astounding of wonders, flowers that are synonymous with beauty, fields that personify heavenly scenery and gigantic trees that are only a minute reminder of natures infinite power, are just the beginning of a long list of the incredible sights that the green kingdom beholds. But as everything else in the world of today, these greeneries are also strongly hit by the one common and dramatically disastrous problem: POLLUTION! The contamination of the Air, the effluence of toxic waste in precious river and lake waters and toxic wastelands of precious soil deposits play pivotal roles in the degradation of these beautiful stores of life. Water pollution, however, is the hardest hitting of the lot, with effects ranging over a large span. The effects of water pollution are far-reaching and affect not only the environment, but human beings and animals as well. Water pollution affects our oceans, lakes, rivers, and drinking water, making it a widespread and global concern. Numerous diseases, health problems, and even fatalities have been associated with water pollution. Water is considered polluted when chemicals, pathogens, or contaminants are detected. Human beings have the most crucial impact on our water resources. They also have the ability to control or eliminate water pollution. Causes of Water Pollution Farmers often use chemicals to hinder bug infestations or other diseases from damaging or ruining their crops. They may also use chemicals to enhance the growth of their crops. Either way, these chemicals seep into the ground water or run off into lakes, creeks, or rivers, causing water pollution. Farmland that is irrigated and treated with chemicals in the form of fertilizers or pesticides is a major contributor to water pollution. Industrial processes produce toxic waste containing heavy metals. When heavy metals filter into water, they are fatal to marine life. Shellfish and fresh fish are staple menu items for people around the world. Humans are affected by the heavy metals ingested by the fish and shellfish, causing health problems and sometimes death. The heavy metals in water have also been linked to severe birth defects, a damaged or suppressed immune system, cancer, fertility problems, and developmental problems in children. The construction industry is the major fault for contaminating our water resources with cement, lubricants, plastics and metals. Rivers and lakes are also polluted from heavy silt or sediment run-off from construction sites. Ground water pollution occurs when chemicals, debris, garbage, oil or other harmful contaminants enter the ground water supply over time. Ground water is often a resource for our drinking water. If it isnt treated properly, those harmful elements can cause serious health issues for human beings and domestic animals. Natural catastrophes are the cause of water pollution effects as well. Major upheavals such as storms, earthquakes, acid rain, floods, and volcano eruptions have been known to disrupt the ecological system and pollute water. The growth of algae due to food items, feces, or urea in the water source is also a source of water pollution. When algae grow in water, it uses up more than its fair share of oxygen, causing other living organisms in the body of water to suffer. Certain types of algae can be fatal if they reach an algal bloom stage, otherwise known as brown or red tides. The process of contamination begins with tiny organisms called zooplankton and travels up the food chain through clams, birds, marine creatures, and ultimately, humans. These types of algae are considered toxic because they have been known to cause fatalities in humans. Even overgrowths of non-toxic types of algae can effectively block the sunlight from penetrating the waters surface, which makes it difficult fo r marine life to find food, causing eventual death. Littering on the land or on the water is a source of water pollution. Debris tossed onto land eventually makes its way into storm drains and then returns to surface water. Ships and boats discharging human waste or chemicals into the water directly are simply speeding up the pollution process. Industrial accidents that dump chemicals into the water kill marine life swiftly and within a short period of time. As the fish and plant life decompose, further water pollution occurs. Even sunken ships are a contributor to water pollution. As the ship corrodes and decays over time, those pieces of debris or chemicals are released into the ocean or freshwater lake. Once again, marine life is affected, which means humans who eat those fish or shellfish can be adversely harmed as well. Major Effects of Water Pollution The effects of water pollution are far-reaching and affect not only the environment, but human beings and animals as well. Water pollution affects our oceans, lakes, rivers, and drinking water, making it a widespread and global concern. Numerous diseases, health problems, and even fatalities have been associated with water pollution. Water is considered polluted when chemicals, pathogens, or contaminants are detected. Human beings have the most crucial impact on our water resources. They also have the ability to control or eliminate water pollution. The effects of water pollution are numerous. Some water pollution effects are recognized immediately, whereas others dont show up for months or years. Additional effects of water pollution include:  ·Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The food chain is damaged. When toxins are in the water, the toxins travel from the water the animals drink to humans when the animals meat is eaten.  · Diseases can spread via polluted water. Infectious diseases such as typhoid and cholera can be contracted from drinking contaminated water. This is called microbial water pollution. The human heart and kidneys can be adversely affected if polluted water is consumed regularly. Other health problems associated with polluted water are poor blood circulation, skin lesions, vomiting, and damage to the nervous system. In fact, the effects of water pollution are said to be the leading cause of death for humans across the globe.  · Acid rain contains sulfate particles, which can harm fish or plant life in lakes and rivers.  · Pollutants in the water will alter the overall chemistry of the water, causing changes in acidity, temperature and conductivity. These factors all have an effect on the marine life.  · Marine food sources are contaminated or eliminated by water pollution.  · Altered water temperatures (due to human actions) can kill the marine life and affect the delicate ecological balance in bodies of water, especially lakes and rivers. Our main aim is to reproduce our polluted environment by scaling it down to using instruments which are practical and feasible enough to use in any laboratory. Explanation of Research Question Do different concentrations of different detergent affect the growth of root and shoot in Vigna Radiata (Mung bean)? This question mainly addresses the topic of stunted growth of plants. Different detergents contain various powerful surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate. These detergents characteristically aggregate lipids and denature proteins. When detergents are absorbed by a plant, the detergents can cause cell membranes to collapse and membranes to function improperly. This can cause part or all of a plant to die. Depending on the various concentrations of these pollutants, the plant shows different levels of growth, ascending from the least growth in the most concentrated of solutions (0.5%) to the highest in pure distilled water. Our main aim, under this research question, is to find out the trends in growth affection of plants that are subjected to these detergents. Materials and Methods Materials Required Surf Excel Tide washing powder Test tubes Beakers Petri dishes Mung bean Cotton Dropper Capillary tubes Distilled water Detergents detergent cartoons, detergent cartoon, detergent picture, detergent pictures, detergent image, detergent images, detergent illustration, detergent illustrations Detergents have only been around for about 85 years, even though soaps have been around for about 3,000 years. Detergents were first produced in Germany about the beginning of World War I. Plants are one of four families in scientific classification. They differ from animals in that they have chlorophyll and cell walls in their cells. Detergent is defined as a cleansing substance that acts similarly to soap but is made from chemical compounds rather than fats and lye. By the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Modern detergents contain a chemical called a surfactant, which, defined by Word Net 1.6 is A substance capable of reducing the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved. This allows the detergent to spread further, penetrate better and clean much more efficiently. With the addition of builders, which make the surfactants work much better. Detergents are used mainly for four different things: personal cleansing, laundry, dish washing and house cleaning. Detergent Popularity Detergents are far from being as old as soap, but today they are the best selling method of washing clothes and dishes. Detergent popularity has grown exponentially since around 1950. In between 1940 and 1972 the sales of detergents went from about 4,500 tons per year to around 4,448,000 tons per year. Detergents, as was stated, were first seen around the beginning of W.W.I. The exact year is 1916. They were first used Because of the war related shortage of fats. It was sold under the general name Nekal. The discovery of detergents was in part because the people where looking for a cleaning substance, that, unlike soaps, would not mix with the minerals in water to make a wax like residue called soap curd. They were not as high quality detergents as we have now, and were used mostly as wetting agents in textile work. The quality didnt change much in the 20s and 30s, with only minor enhancements. The sales for detergents really skyrocketed around the beginning of W.W.II, with a shortage of fats and oils needed to produce soap. The military badly needed a cleaning agent that wouldnt mix with the mineral rich waters to make soap curd. The breakthrough came at the end of the war in 1946. Up to then detergents were used for hand dish washing and washing sensitive clothing. The first all- purpose laundry detergent had surfactants and builders. The builders greatly improved the efficiency of the surfactants. By the end of 1950, soaps had almost been forgotten as a way to wash clothes and dishes, but were still used at the same time as detergents. Through the years, detergents have changed a lot. In the 50s detergents were used in dishwashers and for the laundry. They were adapted to be bleaches. Fabric softeners were also developed. In the 70s they manufactured liquid hand soap. In the 80s they made liquid dishwasher detergent, detergents for colder water washing and concentrated detergents. In the 90s they manufactured super-concentrated detergents and dishwasher gels. Detergents used: To counterfeit the pollution of natural water environments, we will use two different detergents, both of which use surfactant molecules, these have two parts. One is water loving and the other is water hating. The water-loving (hydrophilic) part breaks the surface tension of water. The water-hating (hydrophobic) part is attracted to oil and grease in soils, loosening and removing them from fabrics. Detergents usually contain more than one type of surfactant to address the needs of removing certain types of soils and cleaning different types of fabrics. The Mung bean is the name of the seed of Vigna radiata, an ovoid, greenish brown dicot which is native to parts of Bangladesh, Pakistan and India. The mung bean is one of many species recently moved from the genus Phaseolus to Vigna and is still often seen cited as Phaseolus aureus or Phaseolus adiates. These variations of nomenclature have been used regarding the same plant species. Plant Taxonomy Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Genus: Vigna Species: V. radiata History of Plant Originally from Asia, the Chinese have been growing mung bean sprouts (Nga choy or Nga choi) for approximately 3,000 years. Farmers grow them often with little machinery. After harvest they are left to dry on gravel roads. So the dust and dirt on your mung beans that you buy from the store is actually from a road in China. Today China and India are the main producers of mung beans; it is also grown in Australia. The mung is also popular in the Philippines where they call it Munggo. Climate and Soil Mung beans are mainly cultivated in China, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, Burma, Bangladesh and India, but also in hot and dry regions of South Europe and Southern USA. In India and Bangladesh, they are grown during two seasons. One is the Rabi season (starting November), and the other is the Kharif season (starting June). Mung beans are tropical (or sub-tropical) crops, and require warm temperatures (optimally round 30-35 °C). Loamy soil is best for pusap cultivation. Nutritional Values Mung beans are a good source of Vitamins A, B, C E, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and amino acids. Mung beans contain 20% protein and are a good source of foliate and dietary fibre. Variables: Control Amount of sunlight received by seeds Levels of Oxygen and Carbon di-oxide supplied to seeds Species of viable seeds Temperature Amount of Solution use Independent The concentration of detergents in solution (0.1% to 0.5%) Dependent The length of the shoot in Vigna radiata (in cms) The length of the root in Vigna radiata (in cms) Procedure: Cover the base of 11 different petri dishes with cotton (10 + 1 control) Mark the petri dishes according to the percentage concentration of detergent in each (From 0.1% -0.5%) Separate the petri dishes according to the detergent used, 5 with Surf Excel, 5 with Tide powder and one control dish with distilled water. Place an equal number of Vigna Radiata seeds in each petri dish (10) Ensure equal amounts of sunlight and carbon di-oxide levels to each petri dish. Tend to the seeds for 10 days and calculate root and shoot growth of seeds in all concentrations at the end of that period.

Breast Cancer Treatment Essay -- essays research papers fc

Breast Cancer Treatment   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only lung cancer kills more women each year in the United States than breast cancer does. The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that over 184,000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in women in 1996 (ACS Breast). Although these statistics are alarming, there are a number of treatment options available for those that are diagnosed with breast cancer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The best way to treat any disease is to prevent it. Since little is known about breast cancer, there are no established rules for prevention. The ACS recommends that women age twenty and older perform monthly breast self-exams, and it also suggests clinical examinations every three years (ACS Breast). Mammography is also a wonderful tool for detecting tumors; however, there is conflicting data on when and how often women should have mammograms. What is known is that mammography is the best way to determine if a palpable lump is actually cancerous or not.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Treatment methods for breast cancer can be lumped in two major categories; local or systemic. Local treatments are used to destroy or control the cancer cells in a specific area of the body. Surgery and radiation therapy are considered local treatments. Systemic treatments are used to destroy or control cancer cells anywhere in the body. Chemotherapy and hormonal therapy are considered systemic treatments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surgery is the most common treatment for breast cancer. Although there are many different types of breast cancer surgery, they all fit into a few basic categories. An operation that aims to remove most or all of the breast is called a mastectomy. If at all possible, doctors shy away from mastectomies due to the side effects which include loss of strength in the closest arm, swelling of the arm, and limitation of shoulder movement. If a mastectomy must be performed, the physician will often suggest post surgical reconstruction of the breast (Kushner 37).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another type of breast cancer surgery is called breast-sparing surgery. This category would include lumpectomies and segmental mastectomies. In this situation, doctors remove only the tumor and make an attempt at sparing the rest of the breast tissue. These procedures are often followed by radiation therapy to destroy any canc... ...nbsp;  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contrary to the negative press commonly attributed to breast cancer, there are viable treatment options for those diagnosed with this terrible affliction. The push for increased research in breast cancer is even coming from the White House. President Bill Clinton mentioned his support for increased funding for research and prevention in his recent State of the Union Address, and he urged insurance companies to pay for more mammograms. Hopefully, with the support from the White House, new treatments can be found for breast cancer, and maybe with a little luck we will have a cure by the turn of the century. Works Cited American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer. Document 004070. American Cancer Society. For Women Facing Breast Cancer. 1995. Kushner, Rose. If You've Thought About Breast Cancer. Kensington, MD: Rose Kushner Breast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Advisory Center, 1994. LaTour, Kathy. The Breast Cancer Companion. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1993. National Institutes of Health. National Cancer Institute. What You Need to Know About Breast   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cancer. Revised August 1995.

Paleoneurology and the evolution of mind

What is â€Å" intelligence † ? What is â€Å" biologically programmed behaviour † ? How make these behavioral forms associate to other facets of the biological science of the animate beings that possess them, and to their generative biological science in peculiar? How does intelligence associate to learned behaviour and more specifically, to human civilization? â€Å" Biologically programmed behaviour ‘ explains most, but non all, non-mammal craniate behaviour. Early surveies of non-mammal craniates characterized behavior as â€Å" replete † -a term that suggested that such behaviours are fixed and changeless. Later surveies documented both a grade of flexibleness and the ability to larn new behavioural forms by non-mammal craniates. Such surveies have besides shown that mammals, in general, have a greater repertory of erudite behaviours than earlier craniates. â€Å" Biologically programmed behavior † is, hence, better understood as a scope of programmed behaviours which have increased unusually with the development of the mammal biological composite. The neurological footing for learned behaviour and intelligence are, in big portion, due to alterations in the generative system. Internal fertilisation foremost occurred in the development of reptilians. In the development of placental mammals, there was non merely internal fertilisation, but besides embryological development in utereo. Such a generative system provides a footing for the animate being to turn into a developed province before holding to confront the external universe. Placentation, a female parent ‘s ability to provide foods and O to a developing embryo, is non without disadvantages ; in animate beings such as the higher Primatess, the female parent ‘s blood watercourse and the developing embryo blood watercourse have a close connexion with the placenta. In many placental mammals, there is a instead non-porous membrane, which separates the maternal blood stream from the embryologic blood stream, while leting foods to go through. If there is major mutant i n the embryo, which is reflected in the embryologic blood watercourse, the female parent ‘s blood stream will non interact with the mutant and will non bring forth antibodies, which would kill the embryo. In the higher Primatess, this membrane is much more permeable and much more efficient in the transmittal of foods. A disadvantage is that any major embryologic mutant, which is reflected in the embryologic blood stream, will bring forth antibodies against the mutant ; this usually consequences in self-generated abortion or abortion. Uterine development has helped mammals insure the greater success of their progeny. The mammalian endurance scheme is known as the â€Å" K scheme, † and it is based upon a high parental investing in specie endurance. Fostering a smaller figure of offspring ensures a higher per centum of those offspring will make generative adulthood. A decrease in birth figure is associated with birth of unrecorded immature in most mammals. This scheme is different from the craniate â€Å" R scheme, † where the parent produces a big figure of eggs, which when fertilized produce a big figure of immature. The difference in these two endurance schemes can be supported by the different attitudes toward decease. In worlds ( and other mammals ) decease of immature mammals is a serious injury ; in vertebrates the decease of a hatchling is the regulation of nature, and endurance is the exclusion. The stimulation -response cringle characterizes much of the behaviour of earlier craniates. A centripetal input comes into the craniate encephalon, which is linked to a stereotype motor end product. A celebrated illustration of â€Å" biologically programmed behaviour † is the generative behaviour of the three-spined Stickleback of the Rhine/North Sea. An external event triggers a series of biologically linked behaviours, which consequences in successful reproduction. As spring occurs in North Sea, there is more daylight. This stimulates the pineal secretory organ of the female, which, in bend, signals the hypothalamus, which produces a neurotransmitting chemical to the pituitary secretory organ. This in bend consequences in the secernment of pituitary endocrines, which stimulates the ovaries to bring forth 1000s of eggs. This gives the female a swollen belly and is a â€Å" mark stimulation † to the male prickleback. In response, the male does a â€Å" zigzag dance, à ¢â‚¬  which is referred to as a â€Å" fixed action form. † The dance, in bend, acts as a mark stimulation to the female, who follows the male to the nest, and through an extra series of gestural stimulations and fixed action forms, moves through the nest to lodge the eggs. The male so passes over the eggs with sperm. Natural choice favours the keeping of these neurological tracts in the males and females because they successfully function to bring forth fertilisation ; to set it the other manner, if a female has a neurological alteration where she would non acknowledge the zigzag dance, she will non be able to reproduce. In a series of experiments, Tinbergen and his pupils were able to demo that the conceited abdomen of the female prickleback is the originating mark stimulation. Raising male prickleback in entire isolation, they introduced them into the H2O with both populating females every bit good as with metal lineations of females with conceited abdomens. Regardless ( and even when the lineation of the female was grossly distorted ) , the males produced the zigzag dance. It was â€Å" hardwired † in their nature. Individual animate beings, hence, have small direct input in altering behavioural sequences. Once the female has laid her eggs, and they have been fertilized, that represents the terminal of parental investing. It is non difficult to see how clime or other alteration can quickly stop an full species that relies on biologically programmed behaviour for reproduction. The absence of daytime for a individual spring in the North Sea would intend the terminal of prickleback reproduction. Young mammals are born incapacitated and dependent, and they go through a drawn-out babyhood and young person of fostering wholly dependent on grownup coevals. Because the parental investing of mammals is the attention of really little figure of offspring, the duty falls chiefly on females. There was besides an development of mammary secretory organs for this postal nurturing period. During this clip of weakness, the animate being has the freedom to detect the universe, while being feed and protected. This generative system of mammals, hence, allows the mammal intellectual cerebral mantle to integrate and internalise the sensory patterns the animate being has experienced. The animate being is utilizing intelligence -the â€Å" ability to build a perceptual theoretical account of the universe inside your caput † ( Jerison ) . The mammal encephalon has developed into a construction, which provided the footing for both learned behaviour and intelligence. The function of the encephalon is to enforce a theoretical account of the universe on centripetal informations, and supply appropriate responses to it. This is non an wholly new development ; it represents an development of the intellectual cerebral mantle as a go-between between perceptual experience and response ( motor end product ) , and the integrating of input from an acute auditory sensory system. Learned behaviour and intelligence are non the same. Learned behaviour is the ability of an animate being to screen through a assortment of possible behavioural results, and choice which behaviour is appropriate. When driving a auto, for illustration, an person has to pick when it is appropriate to turn right at a ruddy visible radiation. Learned behaviour is portion of the mammal form, but it is differentially distributed ; worlds have an tremendous ability for erudite behaviour, compared to the limited degrees of other mammals. The cardinal account is the intellectual cerebral mantle. Choice behaviour is located in the frontal lobe. Worlds have the greatest ability to detect, compose, and internalise many complicated theoretical accounts of the encompassing universe. Intelligence and learned behaviour are necessary for worlds to keep a societal world over the long-run. In the words of Ward Goodenough, â€Å" civilization is the criterions of behaviour learned and understood by members of a society. Not all members of the society learn the same set or scope of criterions, and this distinguishes the rank is a assorted sub-groups of the society. † The ability of mammal immature, during socialisation, to larn the behaviours appropriate for endurance in their environment and in cooperation within societal groups, is basically the ability to obtain civilization. This ability distinguishes these mammals from the â€Å" difficult wired † biologically programmed behaviour of non-mammals. There are many mammals that are lone ( i.e. a cat ) , and they do hold learned behaviours, which they obtained during the dependence period. Social mammals, nevertheless, have the exact criterions of erudite behaviours. Culture is, hence, the composite that allows worlds to keep societal world over the long-run. This is non specific to worlds, nevertheless, because all societal mammals trade with the issues of communal life. During babyhood, the kid observes the universe around him/her and internalizes the behaviours of grownups. Children in societal groups so play together, because drama is the pattern of grownup behaviours. Human civilization, in the words of Ralph Holloway, is defined as the â€Å" infliction of arbitrary signifier on the environment. † Rock tools, for illustration, are iconic, because they are of arbitrary form. The mental ability to enforce this form on the environment is a consequence of the development of the intellectual cerebral mantle. Such neurological alterations would non hold been possible without alterations in the mammalian reproductive system.Mentions:Goodenough, Ward H. â€Å" Culture. † Blackboard. Web.Holloway, Ralph L. â€Å" Human palaeontological grounds relevant to linguistic communication behaviour. † Blackboard. Web.Jerison, Henry J. â€Å" Paleoneurology and the Evolution of Mind. † Blackboard. Web.Mann, Alan. â€Å" The Brain, Power Point Presentations 1 and 2. † Lecture.

War and Its Effects essays

War and Its Effects essays Flipping through the channels on TV, we are most likely to run over the news of a war going some where on the world. People are always fighting over territory, political ideas, or simply out of faith. It is all this violence that affect us as human beings; we have gotten so used to the image of people being massacred, murdered, and killed in front of our eyes that we see these events without the slightest remorse. Our own children are growing up with the fact that the best way to resolve a problem is to simply go to war. War and violence are making our society crumbled, before we know it we might even destroy the world. After a governmental dispute, a change in ideas, or simple hatred towards nations, a war is engaged. It starts off by sending innocent lives out to war, most of them not knowing that they are going to sacrifice themselves for the cause of their government. Hundreds if not thousands of innocent people would die each day due to the war, but does not mean that it always justifies the end? The answer is no, risking innocent lives is not a debatable issue, its simply is wrong. Gang fights, family disputes, and schools getting attacked by gun men. Our children are growing up with these images in every day life. We have gotten so used to violence and we are accepting it. Example, a guy enters a bank, robs the clerk at gun point, and suddenly decides to kill the clerk and takes all the money with him. Its just a scene of a popular game played by thousands of teens across the world. We let our kids experience it first hand, we teach them to like it. Before we know it they are out on the streets fighting, causing acts of violence towards other people. Which starts a cycle of never ending violence. Wouldn't it be nice if we lived in a world of non-violence? Yes, but we don't. We live in a world where children are taking over. They are shooting at school. Why? because of the lack of attention that they are getting ...

A simple Pendulum Essays

A simple Pendulum Essays A simple Pendulum Essay A simple Pendulum Essay Essay Topic: Simple My aim in this experiment was to see if the length of the string the bob was attached to effected the time taken for one oscillation.RESEARCHWhat a pendulum is:A pendulum is a body suspended by a fixed point so it can swing back and forth under the influence of gravity. Pendulums are frequently used in clocks because the interval of time for each complete oscillation, called the period, is constant.What effects the time for one period?When the bob is moved from equilibrium either left or right and then is released, it oscillates in a vertical plane in the shape of an arc of a circle. This is then reversed back to its starting position.The weight pulling down on the pendulum bob causes the bob to accelerate towards its normal resting point. This acceleration can be calculated by the formula a = -gA. The angle size can also be linked to the arc length, this is shown in the formula, x = LA. With L being the length of the string. This leads us to the equation for acceleration of a simple pendulum bob a = -g/L x. These two formulae then give us the formula for a period, this isWhere L = length of string from pivot to bobg = acceleration due to gravityT = time of period.This tells me that there are only two variables, that I have direct control over, that can effect the period of the bob. These are the angle, and the length of the string. There is one other variable and that is the force of gravity; this could vary because the pull of gravity is not uniform all over the earth.PREDICTIONI predict that the longer the length of string the longer it will take the pendulum to complete one period. This is because the length of the arc, the pendulum is travelling along is greater (x = 2?L = circumference) but the gravitational acceleration will remain the same. This prediction is also proved by the formulaHere if the length of the string is increased (L) then that side of the equation becomes larger because the size of the fraction is increasing and because one side of the equation is increasing so must the other to remain equal so T will also increase.SAFETYThere are many accidents that could happen if this experiment was not carried out safely; below I have outlined a few simple guidelines to prevent such accidents occurring.DangerRiskPrecautionBob swingingCould hit someoneDo not swing the bob from large angles.Heavy massCould fall off table and hit someoneMake sure the mass isnt on the edge of the table and is away securely held.Clamp standCould fall over and hit someoneMake sure a large mass is holding it downFAIR TESTINGTo make sure our results are accurate we need to keep everything but the variable constant. Below are some simple guidelines to ensure that our testing is fair.Procedure/ObjectProblemSolutionClamp StandCould rockPlace a heavy mass on the base to prevent this.Mass of the bob (see note below)If we use different bobs there mass could be differentMake sure we use the same bobAngleAngle could be differentMake su re we measure the angle accuratelyGravityIf we move to another area of the world, the effects of gravity will be slightly differentStay in the same area of the earth as much as possible.Human errorHuman error between releasing the bob and starting the stopwatch.Make sure the same person does each task every time, use a standard pre-release method, i.e. 3,2,1, go. We should also let the pendulum swing for ten periods and then divide by 10 to reduce the effect of human error.Note: Although during my research I ascertained that the mass of the bob does not effect the period of the pendulum, I should still keep this constant, as I should only have one variable in my experiment.METHODAPPARATUSFor our experiment we needed:* A length of String at 60 cm long* A bob* A boss, clamp, and stand* A heavy mass* A large protractor* A Stopwatch* A meter ruler* A cork split in twoFirstly we set up the equipment as shown below:1. We measured the string to 10 cm. from the bottom of the corks to the mi ddle of the mass.2. We then pulled the string back to 40?:3. We then released the bob and started the stopwatch at the same time.4. We let the bob swing backwards and forwards 10 times5. We then stopped the pendulum swinging and recorded the times.6. We repeated the experiment with the same length 3 times7. We then repeated steps 1-6 for string lengths 10cm, 15cm, 20cm 25cm, 30cm, 35cm, 40cm, 45cm, 50cm and 55cm.RESULTSLength of stringAttempt 1 (sec)Attempt 2 (sec)Attempt 3 (sec)Average for 10 oscillations (sec)Average for 1 oscillation (sec)107.067.317.207.190.719158.58.528.658.560.856209.769.599.679.670.9672510.8010.6210.8610.761.0763011.4811.4211.3911.431.1433512.4512.4812.3212.421.2424012.7212.8912.7712.791.2794513.9514.0313.8113.931.3935014.4214.6514.5614.541.4545515.8415.8515.4415.711.571ANALASISBy looking at my results, I can immediately tell that the longer the length of string the longer it takes the pendulum to complete one period. This increase in time is always between 3 0 second and 90 seconds. I have drawn a graph, which shows the period for each oscillation. My line of best fit shows that the time taken increases in a linear fashion and does not go through the point of origin. This shows me that the period does increase relative to the length of string, this supports my prediction that because of the length of the arc increasing with the length of the string that the period would increase.EVALUATIONI believe that my experiment went reasonably well, the results we collected would seem to be very good and we had no accidents. I also believe that the method we used to obtain these results was an accurate one, but it could have been improved with the use of light gates and a computer because this would have removed the element of human error. I would like to take this investigation further by continuing to increase the lengths of the string until about one-meter. I would also like to try this experiment with different angles to see what effect that h as on the results and then compare the results to these ones. The evidence I have here is only just enough to support a firm conclusion, but does show a trend appearing.

The Arab-Israeli Conflict Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Arab-Israeli Conflict - Term Paper Example The main reason that triggered them to take this step was their hope to escapediscrimination and outright massacres against Jews in much of Europe. They considered different locations for the establishment of their new state and finally chose the historic Palestine in the Middle East as the Jews hold a religious belief that Palestine is the Promised Land for them.But the problem with their envisioned Jewish state of Palestine that the area was already a home land for around half a million Muslim and ChristianPalestinians. The modern Arab-Israeli conflict has originated since 1881. One has to have aproper understanding of present events in the Middle East and knowledge of the cultural, social, and economic, as well as political, background of these events (Andersen, Seibert, et. al).The most of the Palestinians at that time, almost 90% of the Arabs were Muslim while most of the rest were Christian (Tessler 43 and 124). Â  However, the religious differences are not the cause of the re al conflict. It is basically a struggle over land (Beinin&Hajjar). Theodor Herzl’s Zionist movement and the 1st International Zonist Congress of 1897 declared the establishment of Israel as a Jewish state in Palestine (Patai 2:581). After the defeat of Turkey in World War-I Palestine went under the control of Great Britain, which through the Balfour Declaration of 02 November, 1917 promised the Jews to create their National home in Palestine. During the World War II, the Jews suffered great atrocities in areas under the Nazi control and when the war came to an end and United Nations came into being, it was decided through resolution 181of 29 November, 1947 to partition Palestine into a Jewish and Muslim state. The Jews (comprise 30% of the total population at that time, and previously owning 6% of the land)were to be given 55% of, while Muslim and Christian Palestinians (the majority of the population)got 45% of the total land. The Palestinians’ input was not even take n into this biased conception and development of the partition plan at the UN (Sowers of Hope Factsheet No.5). Later on, when Jews overthrew the British mandate and declared the establishment of Israel on 14 May, 1948; the neighboring Arab states, Syria, Iraq, Transjordan, Lebanon and Egypt attacked it. The West bank came under the control of Jordan and the Gaza strip under the control of Egypt. On the other hand, the Jews snatched some more territory than being sanctioned to them in the UN partition plan of 1947. It was the beginning of the Arab-Israel conflict that caused over 700,000 Palestinians to flee to neighboring countries and become refugees. The UN resolution194 of December, 1948 called for a ceasefire which actually took place in the start of 1949 and the return of the refugees but Israel refused to allow the return of the refugees (Smith 1). In 1964’s Arab League annual summit, it was decided to create a unified organization as the sole representative of the Pale stinian people. It resulted in the origination of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO). And Yasir Arafat, whose Fatah party was already merged with PLO was chosen as its president. In 1967, the efforts of Egypt, Syria and Jordan to settle scores with Israel resulted in a six days’ bloody war of 5 June, 1967. It resulted in the capturing of Gaza, Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, Jerusalem and the West Bank by Israel. UN resolution

Forum 1 - Chapters 1 & 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Forum 1 - Chapters 1 & 2 - Assignment Example Economic dependency on maritime transportation refers to how a given country relies on maritime transportation as the countries’ main source of economic empowerment. The US has a 14% adjacency of its counties to the coastline and ends up generating a staggering 45% of the nations’ gross domestic product (GDP) and an average of 3 million jobs. A point that goes to prove how dependent we can be on maritime transportation for economic development (GAO-12-1009T, 2012). The maritime transportation security act was enacted by congress and signed into law by the then American president on November 25th, 2002 (S.3639, 2010). This law requires port facilities and vessels to carry out threat vulnerability assessments and come up with well developed and thought through security plans that is inclusive of passengers, vehicles and baggage screening parameters as well as establishing restricted areas, identification procedures and advanced surveillance systems (PUBLIC LAW, 2002). This compliance of this security act has resulted in the creation of a secure environment in the ports. The department of homeland security (DHS) is the lead agency responsible for the implementation of maritime transportation security act with the help of subsidiary bodies like the U.S, coast guard. The security act can be attributed to a number of challenges that include acquiring security port facility and vessels, a more interconnected port system with regard to new technologies and a much heightened international supply chain security. The maritime security act has also undergone challenges in program implementation and management, poor partnerships and collaboration, terrorism and funding (CRS Report for Congress, 2007). CRS Report for Congress. (2007, May 14). Maritime Security: Potential Terrorist Attacks and Protection Priorities. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved May 5, 2015, from CRS Report for Congress: